Demographic and Clinical Profile of Hypertensive Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia, which complicates 2 to 4% of pregnancies globally, is progressive, unpredictable, and serious. It is a relatively common pregnancy disorder that originates in the placenta and causes variable maternal and fetal problems. In the worst cases, it may threaten the survival of both mother and baby. There are several risk factors of preeclampsia and the severity of mortality or morbidity can be minimized by identifying the risk factors. So, this study aimed to assess the risk factors of preeclampsia. Material & Methods: It is a cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Obs & Gynae in DMCH from July 2017 to December 2018. The study included 50 cases. The selection criteria were 28 to 42 weeks of pregnancy with hypertension with proteinuria. Data was collected by history taking, clinical examination, and relevant biochemical tests. A purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Data was collected by a pre-designed questionnaire. Quantitative data were expressed as mean. Data were processed and analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Informed written consent was taken from all participants. Ethical clearance was obtained by the ethical committee of DMCH. Results: In this study, most of the patients (16, 32%) were in the 16-20 years age group, followed by (13, 26%) 21-25 years age group and the mean age was (SD±) 24.5±6.3 years. Most of the patients (35,70%) were primigravida, and the rest (15, 30%) were multigravida. In the present study, most of the patient’s (20, 40%) gestational age at delivery was 33-38 weeks, followed by (18, 36%) 38-40 weeks. 64% of patients did not have a positive family history. Out of 50 patients, only a few (4, 8%) underwent regular antenatal care, and 72% had no antenatal care. Regarding systolic blood pressure, the range was 140.0-200.0 mmHg and mean±SD 159.0-9.08, and diastolic blood pressure was 90.0-120.0 mmHg and mean±SD 103.80-7.39. Conclusion: This study concluded that, most of the hypertensive pregnant women belonged to 16-20 years of age and most of them were primigravida. A greater part of the patients presented with hypertension at 33-38 weeks of pregnancy and only a few of them had a positive family history of hypertension. Considering antenatal care, they were unaware of it showing that, the most of the patient did not get proper antenatal care.