Abstract
The political and military thinking of the Rwandan government is still informed by the 1994 genocide. Despite the strong trend toward democratisation and openness in many civil matters, the military establishment continues to be regarded as critical for the survival and protection of the state and is not subject to the same levels of accountability, though this is perhaps not surprising given the threats emanating in particular from the DRC. While the positive growth shown by the economy in recent years has contributed to the process of reform, poverty continues to be widespread. Sustainable peace is also elusive. Rwanda is not at war in its own territory and the state has managed to create a base of legitimate state institutions. However, organised political opposition remains difficult and civil society is too weak to play an active role. Future peace and prosperity depend on a resolution of the regional dimension of the conflict and the removal of the military option (including the militarisation of the civilian population) as the primary means of solving regional and domestic problems.
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