Abstract
The main hypothesis of this paper argues that drug trafficking and organized crime are the main obstacles to the process of transition to democracy in Mexico. The phenomenon of violence in Mexico is analyzed in the historical context, taking into account the transition to democracy, the globalization as well as the emergence of transnational organized crime. Since the nineties of the twentieth century, the violence related to criminal activities approaches the US-Mexico border, making Baja California, Chihuahua and Tamaulipas the most violent states. There is a war between the government forces and various criminal groups that are fighting for control over territory. President Felipe Calderon (2006–2012) adopted a strategy of “war” backed by the United States through the Merida Initiative, which involved the militarization of the security policy of the Mexican government. The article discusses also the first three years of the government of Enrique Pena Nieto (December 2012–October 2015) and the main places of conflict in Michoacan, Guerrero and Tamaulipas. This government has faced a human rights crisis since September 2014, due to the murder and disappearance of 43 students in Iguala. We conclude that democracy is affected by the war on drugs, but legacies of the authoritarian political regime that dominated for most of the twentieth century, such as impunity, corruption and human rights violation must be taken into consideration as well.
Highlights
Artículos y ensayos emergence of transnational organized crime
The main hypothesis of this paper argues that drug trafficking and organized crime are the main obstacles to the process of transition to democracy in Mexico
Univisión (2013), CIA habría participado en el asesinato de Camarena y no Caro Quintero, Univision.com: http://noticias.univision.com/narcotrafico/noticias/article/2013-10-12/cia- . habria-participado-en-el-asesinato-de-camarena-y-no-caro-quintero#ixzz2mFQLv7sZ
Summary
Desde los años noventa del siglo XX, la violencia producto de actividades criminales se acerca a la frontera México-Estados Unidos, convirtiendo a Baja California, Chihuahua y Tamaulipas en los estados más violentos del país. El presidente Felipe Calderón (2006–2012) desplegó una estrategia de “guerra” respaldado por Estados Unidos a través de la Iniciativa Mérida, que implicó la militarización de la política de seguridad del Estado mexicano En el artículo se analizan también los tres primeros años del gobierno de Enrique Peña Nieto (diciembre de 2012 – octubre de 2015) y los principales escenarios de conflicto en Michoacán, Guerrero y Tamaulipas. Se concluye que la democracia está afectada por la guerra al narcotráfico, pero se agregan herencias del régimen político autoritario que dominó durante casi todo el siglo XX, tales como la impunidad, la corrupción y la violación de derechos humanos. PALABRAS CLAVE: México, guerra a las drogas, Michoacán, Guerrero, Tamaulipas, Iniciativa de Mérida
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