Abstract
Background Bovine pericardium collagen membrane (BPCM) had been widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) whose manufacturing process usually required chemical cross-linking to prolong its biodegradation. However, cross-linking of collagen fibrils was associated with poorer tissue integration and delayed vascular invasion. Objective This study evaluated the potential of bovine cortical bone collagen membrane for GBR by evaluating its antigenicity potential, cytotoxicity, immune and tissue response, and biodegradation behaviors. Material and Methods Antigenicity potential of demineralized freeze-dried bovine cortical bone membrane (DFDBCBM) was done with histology-based anticellularity evaluation, while cytotoxicity was analyzed using MTT Assay. Evaluation of immune response, tissue response, and biodegradation was done by randomly implanting DFDBCBM and BPCM in rat's subcutaneous dorsum. Samples were collected at 2, 5, and 7 days and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for biocompatibility and tissue response-biodegradation study, respectively. Result DFDBCBM, histologically, showed no retained cells; however, it showed some level of in vitro cytotoxicity. In vivo study exhibited increased immune response to DFDBCBM in early healing phase; however, normal tissue response and degradation rate were observed up to 4 weeks after DFDBCBM implantation. Conclusion Demineralized freeze-dried bovine cortical bone membrane showed potential for clinical application; however, it needs to be optimized in its biocompatibility to fulfill all requirements for GBR membrane.
Highlights
Reconstruction of alveolar bone defect required bone grafting procedure [1, 2]; to improve the bone regeneration it was important to keep the grafted defect separated from fibrous organization by inserting membranes following the principle of guided bone regeneration [3, 4]
Cross-linking process of the collagen fibrils was associated with poorer tissue integration and delayed vascular invasion
This study attempted to explore the potential of demineralized freeze-dried bovine cortical bone (DFDBCB) to be used as a guided bone regeneration membrane
Summary
Reconstruction of alveolar bone defect required bone grafting procedure [1, 2]; to improve the bone regeneration it was important to keep the grafted defect separated from fibrous organization by inserting membranes following the principle of guided bone regeneration [3, 4]. This study attempted to explore the potential of demineralized freeze-dried bovine cortical bone (DFDBCB) to be used as a guided bone regeneration membrane. As this membrane was expected to be used as xenogeneic biomaterial in humans, it was important to determine that it was biocompatible, which meant that it should not cause antigenicity, International Journal of Dentistry cytotoxicity, and excessive immune response. Bovine pericardium collagen membrane (BPCM) had been widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) whose manufacturing process usually required chemical cross-linking to prolong its biodegradation. This study evaluated the potential of bovine cortical bone collagen membrane for GBR by evaluating its antigenicity potential, cytotoxicity, immune and tissue response, and biodegradation behaviors. Demineralized freeze-dried bovine cortical bone membrane showed potential for clinical application; it needs to be optimized in its biocompatibility to fulfill all requirements for GBR membrane
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