Dementia – a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Abstract

SummaryDementia is characterized as a progredient loss of memory, thinking and socials skills leading to need for help in everyday activities till complete dependence on help. Beside decline of mental abilities patients also develop non-cognitive symptoms like euphoria, depression or agitation. In contrast “mild cognitive impairment” describes limited cognitive function but obtained independence in activities of daily life. The prevalence of dementia is age-related, showing an average prevalence of 4 % in 65–70 year old people. While primary dementias are still incurable, there are also dementia-like conditions which can potentially be reversed by appropriate treatment. Of great importance for the diagnosis of dementia is the assessment of the medical history both given by the patient himself as well as family members or care givers. Brief cognitive assessment tools can help to detect possible cognitive impairment. The diagnostic workup also includes a clinical examination, laboratory tests and CT/ MRI Scan. Treatment strategies depend on pathogenesis and leading symptoms. Psychosocial interventions and pharmacological therapy are used.