Demand Side Management Techniques for Home Energy Management Systems for Smart Cities

Muhammad Majid Hussain,Mian Hammad Nazir,Rizwan Akram,Zulfiqar Ali Memon,Muhammad Siddique,Waqas Javed

doi:10.3390/su132111740

Abstract

In this paper, three distinct distributed energy resources (DERs) modules have been built based on demand side management (DSM), and their use in power management of dwelling in future smart cities has been investigated. The investigated modules for DERs system are: incorporation of load shedding, reduction of grid penetration with renewable energy systems (RES), and implementation of home energy management systems (HEMS). The suggested approaches offer new potential for improving demand side efficiency and helping to minimize energy demand during peak hours. The main aim of this work was to investigate and explore how a specific DSM strategy for DER may assist in reducing energy usage while increasing efficiency by utilizing new developing technology. The Electrical Power System Analysis (ETAP) software was used to model and assess the integration of distributed generation, such as RES, in order to use local power storage. An energy management system has been used to evaluate a PV system with an individual household load, which proved beneficial when evaluating its potential to generate about 20–25% of the total domestic load. In this study, we have investigated how smart home appliances’ energy consumption may be minimized and explained why a management system is required to optimally utilize a PV system. Furthermore, the effect of integration of wind turbines to power networks to reduce the load on the main power grid has also been studied. The study revealed that smart grids improve energy efficiency, security, and management whilst creating environmental awareness for consumers with regards to power usage.

Highlights

These tests provided an understanding of how effective large-scale energy managesystems such assuch smart and even smaller as home energy management systems (HEMS) be in reducing ment systems asgrids smart grids and even systems smaller such systems such ascan
The proposed model for the HEMS operation is based on existing scheduling techniques that create a schedule with a trade-off between customer comfort and energy consumption minimization
The PV array system tested proved very useful when considering its capability to generate around 20–25% of the full domestic load, based on operating voltage limitations. These observations prove that voltage remains regulated with purposed demand side management (DSM) techniques

Summary

Introduction

There is an increasing electricity demand and an increasing cost of the raw materials. One essential challenge within the energy sector is how to consistently improve energy efficiency. DSM has been identified as one of the main strategies to be supported in order to increase the reliability and secure operation of electricity [1,2]. This strategy generally aims to overcome problems such as high energy costs, environmental issues, network reliability issues, and reduced energy supplies

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Conclusion