Abstract
The increasing amount of stochastic power generation connected to power system increases the need for additional ancillary reserves. Most of today’s electricity consumers are relatively flexible and easily controllable, providing an already existing supplement for traditional power system ancillary services. The flexibility of loads depends on the number, type and size of consumers. In small power systems utilizing loads for power system services pose different challenges for the system operator than in larger systems. The main challenge lies in developing a business case and incentives for the customers to participate in such services. This paper discusses and analyses the Estonian three most energy intensive economic sectors potential for demand side response from a small power system point of view. Generally it is determined that demand side flexibility provides incentives not only for the power system operator but also for the customer who is able optimize its processes to gain higher economic and energy efficiency and at the same time provide flexibility for the system operator.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.22.3.15308
Highlights
According to the European Union’s Energy Efficiency Directive article 15.8, all member states are obliged to support access of demand side response (DSR) services providers to the electricity and ancillary service markets
The paper has been divided into four major sections: the first provides an overview of the previous research and potential of DSR, the second discusses on existing regulation methods and capacities in Estonia, the third provides an assessment of methods used to map the DSR potential in small power systems, and the fourth section discusses and analyses the demand side management (DSM) potential available for power system support
In comparison to larger power systems, where DSR is measured in hundreds of megawatts and the rewarding system is in thousands of euros per megawatt, small power systems, such as Estonia, do not have the financial or technical potential to work on the same concepts
Summary
According to the European Union’s Energy Efficiency Directive article 15.8, all member states are obliged to support access of demand side response (DSR) services providers to the electricity and ancillary service markets. There are secondary and tertiary reserves within the Baltic States, the required capacities are solidarily shared amongst all parties in the synchronous area to keep its operational and maintenance costs low. The paper aims to discuss the unused technical potential and willingness from the consumers to provide DSR in small power systems. As the Estonian power system operates synchronously with other Baltic States power systems, i.e., Latvia and Lithuania, and is in many ways similar, the results and methodologies could be used as basis for future local and regional studies as well. The paper has been divided into four major sections: the first provides an overview of the previous research and potential of DSR, the second discusses on existing regulation methods and capacities in Estonia, the third provides an assessment of methods used to map the DSR potential in small power systems, and the fourth section discusses and analyses the DSM potential available for power system support.
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