Abstract
In coming years, the widespread use of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) will impose a significant burden on the existing electric grid. The situation may worsen due to uncontrolled charging strategies adopted for PHEVs. On the other hand, these PHEVs, if charged through proper control mechanisms may reduce additional dynamic load demands. Also, if utilized properly, they may provide significant support to electric grid from time to time. The entire process of regulating the power exchanged with PHEVs w.r.t the existing grid conditions is well known as Demand Side Management (DSM). To indulge PHEVs in DSM, an accurate estimate of characteristics of PHEVs, both on-road and off-road, is necessary. Thus, this study aims to mathematically model the behaviour of four imperative parameters of PHEVs. These are dynamic travel behaviour, battery state-of-charge (SOC) requirements, the energy demands of PHEVs and, total power exchanged by PHEVs with the electric grid. In addition to this, a smart charging strategy is proposed and tested to verify the ability of PHEVs for participating in DSM for peak load management. The impacts of uncontrolled charging and smart charging of PHEVs on grid power demands are also discussed.
Highlights
The random charging of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) may impose severe load demands on distribution networks, causing various harmful effects
Keeping in concern the above, this study aims to model mathematically the four imperative parameters of PHEVs
The proposed microgrid consists of a photovoltaic power plant, diesel generation unit, and PHEV charging infrastructure The microgrid is supposed to feed residential sector load demands
Summary
The random charging of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) may impose severe load demands on distribution networks, causing various harmful effects. The major effects include transformer overloading, frequency deviations, and voltage fluctuations [1]. On the other hand, charging PHEVs through smart control techniques allows them to exploit their potential to provide grid ancillary services. The controlled charging reduces the burden on the electric grid significantly. The process of regulating load demands on the distribution side is known as Demand-Side Management (DSM) [2]. The main motive for DSM is to utilize existing grid infrastructure efficiently for handling increased electricity load demand, without the need to install additional generation units. The techniques suggested for DSM majorly aim at proposing incentive-based actions to control electricity usage effectively. Some widely adopted economic incentives include real-time pricing, peak time rebate, and critical peak pricing [3]
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