Abstract
A key challenge for future energy systems is how to minimize the effects of employing demand response (DR) programs on the consumer. There exists a diverse range of consumers with a variety of types of loads, such as must-run loads, and this can reduce the impact of consumer participation in DR programs. Multi-energy systems (MES) can solve this issue and have the capability to reduce any discomfort faced by all types of consumers who are willing to participate in the DRPs. In this paper, the most recent implementations of DR frameworks in the MESs are comprehensively reviewed. The DR modelling approach in such energy systems is investigated and the main contributions of each of these works are included. Notably, the amount of research in MES has rapidly increased in recent years. The majority of the reviewed works consider power, heat and gas systems within the MES. Over three-quarters of the papers investigated consider some form of energy storage system, which shows how important having efficient, cost-effective and reliable energy storage systems will be in the future. In addition, a vast majority of the works also considered some form of demand response programs in their model. This points to the need to make participating in the energy market easier for consumers, as well as the importance of good communication between generators, system operators, and consumers. Moreover, the emerging topics within the area of MES are investigated using a bibliometric analysis to provide insight to other researchers in this area.
Highlights
There are numerous reasons for the ongoing transition within the energy sector
In [40], the authors proposed an Multi-energy systems (MES) through the energy flow flow method that consists of boilers, a heat exchange method that consists of boilers, a heat exchange device, an device, an absorption chiller, an electric heat pump, energy storage, absorption chiller, an electric heat pump, energy storage, and and generation technologies
Integrated Demand Response is prevalent in several articles, which could indicate that use of the integrated DR in the MESs is one of the most recent areas of interest, and is being investigated in several studies, like [74,84]
Summary
There are numerous reasons for the ongoing transition within the energy sector. These include major concerns about the emissions and other environmental impacts of fossil fuel combustion. Can the solve this issue, andend-user have the ability to maintain the end-user numerous energy carriers such as electricity, gas, heating, and cooling, there is an increased amount during the operation of the DRP. As MESs rely on numerous energy carriers such as electricity, gas, of flexibility thethere system, can be harnessed by the utility allow a diverse range of heating, andwithin cooling, is anwhich increased amount of flexibility withintothe system, which can be consumers tothe participate. Key factors that allow interoperability between different systems are smart-grid enabling technologies These allow greater interaction between the systems different and systems andthe allow the creation of strategies for optimization of the system operation, forfor example, demand response the optimization of the system operation, example, demand responseprograms programsatatdifferent differentlevels, levels, such vehicles (EV). Paper concludes with the identification of issues and presentation of future research some key issues and the presentation of future research directions
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