Abstract
Bus as a public transport is a suitable service to meet the travel demand between any two zones. Baghdad faced with severe traffic problems along with the development in city size and economy. Passengers have to wait lots of time during commutation to work because of the serious traffic jams. In the last years, rate of car ownership has increased as income levels have gone up and cars have become a preferable mode of transport. Bus, as the only public mode of transport available, is suffering from inconvenience, slowness, and inflexibility. A big emphasis must be given to the public transport system because it introduces an active utilization of limited resources, energy and land. This study determines the demand of public routes for buses using boarding / alighting values to generate a model and assign these demand values to the bus network. Five public routes were selected to collect the required data. Ride check and Point check survey was conducted for each selected route. The results of this study were public demand assigned to the selected bus routes, dwell time, load factor and headway. It is observed that R1 and R3 have the heaviest travel demand; they need special study to improve bus performance and make better transit. The model developed with only limited data available to predict travel demand will assist transportation planners and related agencies in decision making.
Highlights
Baghdad, one of the most populated cities in Iraq with a population of about 7.5 million in 2016 according to AL-Khatib and Alami in 2012 [1]
Public transport is very important in Iraq; to fulfills the mobility demand in a growing city, but a bigger share of bus mode have positive effects including decrease in pollution, private mode share and energy
It is encouraged to plan bus systems to meet the needs of users and service providers within the limited resource constraints [2]
Summary
One of the most populated cities in Iraq with a population of about 7.5 million in 2016 according to AL-Khatib and Alami in 2012 [1]. Prediction of public demand using conventional transportation models has disadvantages, as they need huge data and are unable to deal with changes in generation rates. The bus demand is affected mainly by spatial factors, such as the existence of the central business district (CBD), shops, educational institutes, and offices These important spatial facilities attract many passengers [6]. The developed model utilizes transit trip, land use and the demographic characteristics to select the high BRT ridership corridor. Bus ridership is predicted using spatial variables, urban environment and network accessibility indicators. Develops an O-D trip matrix between bus terminals based on GIS in Baghdad city and try to suggest future scenarios alternative to meet the requirements of future demand
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