Abstract
Many experts have written about the history of the Demak kingdom, therefore the role of this kingdom in politics, economics and especially in the spread of Islam in Indonesia in the past. With the geophysiographical, historical and archaeological approach used in this study, it can be revealed about the environmental conditions and the location of the palace and the royal city of Demak. The research methods used in this research are observation, geophysiographical (drilling, geoelectrical measurement), historical (reading of documents) and archaeological (test pit excavations) methods, to obtain credible conclusions. The result is that the kingdom, which has a fairly large influence in the archipelago, is located on the island of Demak between Java and the Muria peninsula, which is still in a separate condition, which is surrounded by swamps, rivers and the sea. the tombs of kings, the names of places/villages (toponyms), have proven that the existence of the central city of the kingdom is concentrically arranged and the settlement patterns are grouped according to position, profession, ethnicity and religion.
Highlights
Historical sources have shown that the Demak kingdom was the first Islamic kingdom in Java, which was instrumental in Islamization in Indonesia
The coastline of the Demak area is along the button sedimentary deposits starting from the village of Tidunan to the West, passing W Gedung-Bonangrejo-Gemoelak-Sayung and Semarang
The environmental conditions of the Demak area were quite favourable and strategic for the centre of the kingdom, from a political, economic, social and cultural perspective, which was supported by underground water conditions that were good enough for the construction of wells
Summary
Historical sources have shown that the Demak kingdom was the first Islamic kingdom in Java, which was instrumental in Islamization in Indonesia. Together with Wali Songo in the 15-16th century AD, the Demak kingdom succeeded in exerting Islamic influence in areas including Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku and so on, and together with the Aceh Kingdom, it was able to instil Islamic influence in most areas. Such is the role of the Demak kingdom in paving the way for the entry and development of Islam in Indonesia, so this is an excellent service for the nation and state of Indonesia, where most of the population embraces Islam. The beginning of the history of the formation of the cultural assets of the Demak area began around the 15th - 16th century with the selection of the area as an Islamic centre ("Islamic Center") by the Wali Songo, which later developed into the first Islamic kingdom on the island of Java.
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