Abstract
Realistic modelling of transverse (i.e. vertical and lateral) pipe–soil interaction plays an important role in predicting the behaviour of untrenched offshore pipelines that are designed to undergo...
Highlights
Offshore oil and gas pipelines in deep water are generally laid directly on the seabed, since trenching is uneconomic
Assumptions concerning the mobilised soil resistance are important in numerical modelling of controlled lateral buckling, which is required for a cost-effective pipeline design
In this paper a more extensive programme of distinctelement method (DEM) simulations is reported, considering the behaviour of a pipe segment on sand undergoing vertical penetration followed by various lateral displacements with different types of control in the vertical direction
Summary
Offshore oil and gas pipelines in deep water are generally laid directly on the seabed, since trenching is uneconomic. In this paper a more extensive programme of DEM simulations is reported, considering the behaviour of a pipe segment on sand undergoing vertical penetration followed by various lateral displacements (small and large, monotonic and cyclic) with different types of control in the vertical direction. Preliminary DEM simulations involving monotonic pipe displacements in the vertical and lateral directions were performed with various particle domain thicknesses and particle sizes to identify appropriate values for these parameters (Macaro, 2015). Displacement control was used to perform DEM simulations of both monotonic and cyclic sideswipe tests in which the pipe was subjected to lateral displacement, u, at constant embedment, w (Fig. 3). The amount of yield surface hardening during a Vertical force, V: N
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