Abstract
A total of 40 imported cream, butter, cheese and yoghurt samples were collected randomly at weekly intervals (1samples/ product/ week) from various supermarkets inside the Baghdad province during the summer period. A total of 84 samples of locally produced cream, Butter, soft cheese and yoghurt that belonged to buffaloes, cows and ewes were collected randomly at weekly intervals (1 sample/ product/ week) from three different townships (Al-mahmudiyah, Al-Rasheed and Al-latifiyah) and were examined on two periods, the first was the period that extended from the beginning of September to the end of November 2015 while the second was the period that extended from the beginning of January to the end of march 2016. Besides that 12 Buffalos̓ raw whole and skimmed milk samples (6 samples each) and 6 samples of locally produced ewes̓ ghee (Samna) were examined during the summer period. Each dairy product sample was tested for the occurrence of Deltamethrin residues by using the High Performers liquid Chromotography and for fat content by using Gerber method. From the obtained results, data revealed that all of the imported cheese, cream and butter samples were 100% positive and yoghurt samples were 60% positive for the occurrence of Deltamethrin residues during the summer season. The results of this study established the statistically significant (P<0.05) influence of the season on the concentrations of the Deltamethrin residues in all of the examined locally produced dairy products where it was found that each of the 7 locally produced dairy products samples (6 samples/ each product) had significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations of Deltamethrin residues in summer than in winter seasons. All the examined locally produced dairy products except yoghurt during the summer season presented high contamination levels with Deltamethrin residues and were 100% above the Maximum Residue Limits of 0.05 ppm that recommended by the WHO, FAO and European legislation.
Highlights
Residue Limits (MRLs) set by EnvironmentalDeltamethrin (DMT) is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide that kills insects through dermal contact and ingestion by rapidly paralyzing the insect nervous system and giving a quick knockdown effect (1)
Deltamethrin is widely sprayed on leafy vegetable like lettuce and spinach and over 98% of the sprayed insecticides reach a destination other than their target species, including non- target species, air, water and soil (3)
In order to avoid this fatal risk to animals and human beings, such type of pesticides should be synthesized and used within limits which are friendly to the environment (4)
Summary
Residue Limits (MRLs) set by EnvironmentalDeltamethrin (DMT) is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide that kills insects through dermal contact and ingestion by rapidly paralyzing the insect nervous system and giving a quick knockdown effect (1). Deltamethrin is widely sprayed on leafy vegetable like lettuce and spinach and over 98% of the sprayed insecticides reach a destination other than their target species, including non- target species, air, water and soil (3). It is a safe pesticide, if its residual limit in any food material or body is less than the Recommended Maximum. Higher concentration of DMT than the accepted MRLs can cause a lot of harmful effects in human beings and animals like simple irritation of the skin and eyes, affecting the nervous system, mimicking hormones causing reproductive problems and cancer. In order to avoid this fatal risk to animals and human beings, such type of pesticides should be synthesized and used within limits which are friendly to the environment (4)
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