Abstract

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are intensively explored for the application in cancer therapy, which has motivated the development of photothermal therapy (PTT) multifunctional nanoplatforms based on GNRs to cure osteosarcoma (OS). However, the major limitations include the toxicity of surface protectants of GNRs, unsatisfactory targeting therapy, and the resistant effects of photothermal-induced autophagy, so the risk of relapse and metastasis of OS increase. In the present study, the GNR multifunctional nanoplatforms were designed and synthesized to deliver transcription factor EB (TFEB)-siRNA–targeting autophagy; then, the resistance of autophagy to PTT and the pH-sensitive cell-penetrating membrane peptide (CPP) was weakened, which could improve the tumor-targeting ability of the GNR nanoplatforms and realize an efficient synergistic effect for tumor treatment. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that the GNR nanoplatform groups have anti-lung metastasis of OS. This study provides a new reference to improve the efficacy of OS clinically.

Highlights

  • Surgical resection of solid tumors and postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy are currently adopted for the treatment of malignant tumor, but the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and the development of resistant tumor cells lead to patient intolerance, tumor recurrence, and distant metastases (Holohan et al, 2013; Wyld et al, 2015; Zugazagoitia et al, 2016)

  • The Gold nanorods (GNRs)@siRNA/cell-penetrating membrane peptide (CPP) delivery vehicle was acquired via a well-developed layer-by-layer assembly approach

  • Being attributed to the siRNAl and CPP doping, the GNR complex exhibited a continuous red shift that was observed from the longitudinal SPR (LSPR) in the absorption spectra (Figure 1D)

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Summary

Introduction

Surgical resection of solid tumors and postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy are currently adopted for the treatment of malignant tumor, but the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and the development of resistant tumor cells lead to patient intolerance, tumor recurrence, and distant metastases (Holohan et al, 2013; Wyld et al, 2015; Zugazagoitia et al, 2016). Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising and effective approach in cancer therapy, and it applies light-absorbing nanomaterials to convert light radiation into heat so as to kill tumor cells (Riley and Day 2017). PTT could enhance the antitumor immune response after the highly immunogenic thermal death of tumor cells (Liu et al, 2018) and promote tumor infiltration of CAR T cells (Chen et al, 2019), which makes. These characteristics of PTT enable it suitable for the treatment of some highly malignant and aggressive metastatic tumors that are difficult to be completely removed with surgery, Functionalized GNRs Enhances Anti-Osteosarcoma Efficacy

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