Abstract
Kolleru Lake is the largest natural fresh water lake located between Godavari and Krishna deltas in Andhra Pradesh in India and is acting as a natural flood balancing reservoir. Dynamic land use changes from lake bed and agricultural land to aqua-culture and overexploitation of groundwater are becoming the major causes for salt-water intrusion. Changing of land use patterns is highly influencing on the quality of water. Paleo beach ridges are having potential aquifers around the Kolleru Lake. The main aim of this study is to identify seawater intrusion areas and reasons for intrusion. Integrated study of hydrogeology, hydrochemistry, remote sensing and geophysical investigations exposed the extent of salt-water intrusion up to the northern part of the lake, which is about 42 km away from the Bay of Bengal coast line. Top layer resistivity is more than 10 ohm-m in case of sand formations, 2–10 ohm-m in case of brackish water saturated formations and less than 1.0 ohm-m in case of saline water saturation aquifers, and clay-rich layers shows the resistivity in the range of 2 to 5 ohm-m. Remote sensing data and GIS (Geographical Information System) helped us to trace two major sea water intrusion patches from the coast to the lake.
Highlights
Kolleru is one of the biggest shallow fresh water lakes in India which is located between the deltas of Godavari and Krishna Rivers of the Andhra Pradesh, India
Water levels are measured with automatic water level indicator and coordinates were measured with Global positioning system (GPS) and 50% of the wells indicated more than 3.0 m depth of water table during pre-monsoon period. 3.1.3 Land use/land cover dynamics
The results shows that the Kolleru lake in and around has good aquaculture potential (27.91% of TGA aquaculture) and agricultural land is 60.72%(include plantations, fallow land and horticulture) total geographical area of the study area
Summary
Kolleru is one of the biggest shallow fresh water lakes in India which is located between the deltas of Godavari and Krishna Rivers of the Andhra Pradesh, India. The lake collects water by over 69 inflowing drains and channels. The catchment of Kolleru Lake is extends upto 9036.30 km. The major occupation of the surrounding people is agriculture and fishing. Since last three decades aquaculture is developed inside the coastal area encroached into the agricultural lands and into the Kolleru. The main drinking water source to this area people is ground water. An endeavor is made to know the problem with multidisciplinary loom to propose some elucidation to develop the drinking water situation the area between lake and the coast area
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