Delineation of Management Zones for Site-Specific Information about Soil Fertility Characteristics through Proximal Sensing of Potato Fields

Humna Khan,Travis J Esau,Qamar U Zaman,Aitazaz A Farooque,Bishnu Acharya,Farhat Abbas

doi:10.3390/agronomy10121854

Humna Khan, Travis J Esau + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121854

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Abstract

The delineation of management zones (MZs) has been suggested as a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of soil variability on potato tuber yield. This study quantified the spatial patterns of variability in soil and crop properties to delineate MZs for site-specific soil fertility characterization of potato fields through proximal sensing of fields. Grid sampling strategy was adopted to collect soil and crop data from two potato fields in Prince Edward Island (PEI). DUALEM-2 sensor, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR-300), GreenSeeker were used to collect soil ground conductivity parameter horizontal coplanar geometry (HCP), soil moisture content (θ), and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), respectively. Soil organic matter (SOM), soil pH, phosphorous (P), potash (K), iron (Fe), lime index (LI), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined from soil samples collected from each grid. Stepwise regression shortlisted the major properties of soil and crop that explained 71 to 86% of within-field variability. The cluster analysis grouped the soil and crop data into three zones, termed as excellent, medium, and poor at a 40% similarity level. The coefficient of variation and the interpolated maps characterized least to moderate variability of soil fertility parameters, except for HCP and K that were highly variable. The results of multiple means comparison indicated that the tuber yield and HCP were significantly different in all MZs. The significant relationship between HCP and yield suggested that the ground conductivity data could be used to develop MZs for site-specific fertilization in potato fields similar to those used in this study.

Highlights

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world’s third most consumed food, which is produced in all continents except Antarctica [1]
Loss of Soil organic matter (SOM) leads to poor water infiltration through soil and slow drainage, increase in saturated soil conditions, and electrical conductivity and resultantly soil’s ability to buffer electrical conductivity [50]
The approach is recommended to have a control on managing within-field variability of soil and crop characteristics for enhancing potato productivity and profitability, while reducing the environmental impacts of agricultural practices

Summary

Introduction

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world’s third most consumed food, which is produced in all continents except Antarctica [1]. Potatoes are produced above 19 million hectares worldwide, Canada being ahead of many countries in its potato production. Two Atlantic Canadian provinces, including Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, contribute 24.5% and 13.6%, respectively, in the total potato production of Canada [2]. The yield per unit area of potatoes in these provinces is less than that of most American States, emphasizing the need for better management of potato cultivation in Canada. For precise management of crop production within-field, it is very important to know about the spatial variability of crop and soil properties [3]. Several soil properties have been identified as Agronomy 2020, 10, 1854; doi:10.3390/agronomy10121854 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy

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