Delineation of geospatial indices based water bodies’ and vegetation change mapping using Sentinel-2 imagery in Canning blocks of south 24 parganas district, India

Abstract

Water area is the most dominating land class, which is increased the cooling capacity of the area because due to high population density, urban development and industrial development are increased the heat stress, temperature variation, and green space deficiency. But water body decreased the heat balance and thermal dissimilarity in the study area. Remote sensing techniques are widely used for detecting the water area and land use and land cover (LU/LC) classes of different satellite imageries like Landsat data, Sentinel-1 and 2, LISS, and many others. Sentinel-2 data of different years (2016 and 2020) were used for LU/LC classes and spectral indicators were used for vegetation and water area delineation in Canning-I and Canning-II blocks, South 24 Parganas, India. Sentinel-2 data was used for LULC classes and spectral indicators because of high resolution (10 m) to detect the land classes with enhanced visibility. Remote sensing-based geospatial indicators have been used for generating the vegetation and water bodies’ area change in the study area. Water bodies were increased 37.76 sq. km (9.375%) area and the area was located in north, north-east, and north-west parts of this area. In the year 2016, the water body was shown 88.16 sq. km and after anthropogenic activities, climatic conditions, and extreme events, the water bodies located 125.92 sq. km (31.262%). The vegetation area has been decreased around 58.44 sq. km (14.51%) from 2016 to 2020. This study results are helpful for administrators, policymakers, and others stakeholders for the overall development of this study area.