Abstract
In hard rock terrain, fractured aquifers comprise the major source of groundwater availability where the phreatic aquifer is desaturated. Identification of fracture zones in hard rock terrain and potential groundwater source delineation had been a perennial problem in hydrology. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the study over a small watershed area, in a granite terrain, wherein an attempt was made to delineate and map the fractured aquifer using numerical (factor) analysis of the conventional vertical electrical sounding data, which was obscure in curve matching technique. This numerical approach in concatenation with resistivity imaging or other techniques would prove to be an effective tool in groundwater exploration.
Highlights
The quest for water for all purposes in life has drifted from ordinary search for surface water to ground water through boreholes with the advent of technology
The results revealed presence of fracture zones at different depths
The overburden thickness cumulatively adds to the effect of the underlying lithological layers, suppressing the effect of independent layer pertaining to respective depth
Summary
The quest for water for all purposes in life has drifted from ordinary search for surface water to ground water through boreholes with the advent of technology. Groundwater in lithological formations is generally identified by several physical parameters of the subsurface which are determined by geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity methods, seismic methods, magnetic methods, and gravity methods. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) with mostly Schlumberger and Wenner configurations is conventionally practised in different parts of the world [1, 2] by geologists from Central Groundwater Board, Geological Survey of India, State Groundwater Division, Universities, and so forth. It is reported that the electrical resistivity method for groundwater exploration in a sedimentary environment has proven reliable [3]. Several investigation records have shown that the depth to aquifer differs from place to place depending on various factors like variational geothermal and geostructural occurrence [4, 5]
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