Abstract
This study was carried out using five digitized aerogravity data to delineate near-surface structural faults, cavities, low-density zones and estimate the mass balance unit in foundations. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed in order to examines the depths to anomalous bodies, density/mass and stratigraphic features such as faults and cavities. The techniques employed were: Source parameter imaging (SPI), 3D Euler deconvolution, forward and inverse modeling. The results of the SPI shallow values range from -5.62 to -53.74 m and deep values range from 3.33 to 120 m. The 3D Euler deconvolution results range from -1892.2 to -1278.3 m for obscure and -12264 to 644.6 m for superficial formations. The forward and inverse modeling result shows the values of depth ranging from 2.5 to 4.8 km, density/mass range from (0.7 to 2.4) x 10-3 kg/m3 and (27 to 133) x 1010 kg of three profiles which is the parameter contrast of the gravity surveys. This shows sequential depths and density/mass contrast between the body of interest and the surrounding material which depicts the presents of faults, sedimentary basins and rock bearing minerals of shale/marble which comprises of air, water and sediment-filled formations. The information from this study has revealed the true nature of the subsurface and this will serve as a guide during road construction.
Highlights
Roads are essential channels of transportation that need to be build and sustained in order to fast track mineral and economic development, such as roads in the south-south region of the country where heavy rainfall dominates throughout the year
In most cases the main reasons for project delays is due to unsatisfactory project planning with regards to conditions in subsurface material, bedrock and groundwater levels (Ezekiel et al, 2013; Sharma, 2013)
Source Parameter Imaging (SPI), Euler Deconvolution, forward and reverse modeling were adopted for delineating structural trends and cavities
Summary
Roads are essential channels of transportation that need to be build and sustained in order to fast track mineral and economic development, such as roads in the south-south region of the country where heavy rainfall dominates throughout the year. There is need for proper knowledge of subsurface information before undergoing road constructions. It is necessary to employ geophysical techniques that would provide information about the lithology and stratigraphy of the subsurface formation (Obiora et al, 2016). Different subsurface materials can cause local disturbances in the Earth’s natural fields which can be detected with sensitive instruments (Obiora et al, 2015; Oha et al, 2016; Ekpa et al, 2020). Some geological factors such as clayey subgrade soil below the road pavement, lateral inhomogeneity, near surface geological structures and changes in elevations due to fluctuation in the saturated zone are responsible for the susceptibility of the roads to failure (Adesola et al, 2017). Geophysical methods can be classified as passive and active methods, passive method measures the variations in natural fields of earth such as; magnetic and gravitational fields whereas active method makes use of artificially generated fields such as electrical and seismic signal
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