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Abstract
Mastering the spatial distribution of water retention capacity and scientifically delineating the ecological space for water conservation are of great significance to the management of regional land and water resources. In this paper, a water conservation ecological spatial delimitation framework suitable for water-deficient areas was put forward. The water retention capacity of the study area in 1983, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 was evaluated by using the InVEST Water Yield model and water balance method, respectively. On this basis, a flexible inflection point model based on the contribution degree of functional units was established. Then the ecological space for water conservation was delimited. The framework was applied to the delimitation of the key water conservation areas in Jilin province, China. The results showed that: (1) the spatial distribution pattern of water conservation in Jilin province gradually decreased from east to west. The spatial difference was significant. The maximum value of water conservation in Jilin province was 730 mm. From 1983 to 2016, water conservation, which accounted for 75.71% of the area, showed an upward trend. The overall water retention capacity showed the characteristics of the overall increase and the local decline. (2) From the absolute amount of the effect of unit area change on water conservation, the intensity from the high to the low was forestland, cultivated land, grassland, unused land, buildings, and water. (3) The area of water conservation less than 474 mm accounted for more than 80% of the total study area. The overall water retention capacity was low. High importance ecological space area of water conservation was comprehensively defined as 36.97%, which was mainly distributed in the natural forest area of Changbai Mountain in the east and the south of Song Liao Plain. Therefore, this study provided a basic layout of relatively concentrated ecological spatial distribution for water conservation types at different levels in Jilin province. The study results and conclusions of this paper will provide a reference for water conservation assessment and the regional land’s natural resources management.
Highlights
In recent decades, with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, human activities have had a serious impact on the regional and global ecological environment [1,2,3,4,5]
The amount of water conservation in Jilin province from 1983 to 2016 showed a spatial distribution pattern gradually decreasing from east to west
The area of each category was the same under the quantile principle. Based on this analysis of spatial distribution, most of the water conservation in Jilin province was less than 301 mm, accounting for more than 80% of the whole region
Summary
With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, human activities have had a serious impact on the regional and global ecological environment [1,2,3,4,5]. With the increase in global demand and the shortage of water resources caused by the deterioration of the water environment, the water retention capacity of regional ecosystems is seriously threatened [17,18]. As an important way for ecosystems to participate in the process of hydrological regulation, water conservation refers to the process and capacity of ecosystems to store and retain water in a specific time and space [19], the ecological base flow of drainage and recharge basin in non-rainy seasons, in order to ensure the water for human life and social development [20]. Regional water retention capacity is related to all aspects of vegetation, species survival, and social life [16,21,22,23]. It is necessary to explore the delimitation of ecological space for water conservation under the guidance of water resources management so as to alleviate the contradictions among water use, water environment, water ecology, and resource development
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