Deliberate self-poisoning (DSP): A psychosocial review

Abstract

Data from northeast India regarding health care associated infections (HAI) is limited.To determine the incidence, determinants, clinical and microbiological profile of healthcare associated pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI).Prospective, observational study was conducted in 150 patients with HAI, aged ≥18 years, selected randomly. HAI was defined by CDC criteria. Controls comprised of 150 age and sex matched patients without HAI. Data was analysed using SPSS-17.0 and p value <0.05 was considered significant.Mean age was 54.3 ± 17.2 years with male:female ratio of 3:2. Most patients (66%) were aged ≥50 years. Overall incidence of HAI was 11.06%. Most common causative organisms for healthcare associated UTI and pneumonia were E. coli (34.8%) and Klebsiella (37.7%) respectively. Compared to controls, patients with HAI had significantly higher co-morbidities (57.3% vs. 18.7%, p < 0.001); increased use of invasive devices (p < 0.05); increased use of quinolones, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenem; longer stay in the ICU (12.04 vs. 6.02 days, p < 0.01) and increased in-hospital mortality (27.3% vs. 5%, p < 0.01).HAI are more common in patients aged ≥50 years, having co-morbidities, resulting in increased hospital stay and poorer outcomes. The incidence of HAI and isolation of multidrug resistant organisms are lower than other studies.