Deletion of the gene encoding c-Cbl alters the ability of osteoclasts to migrate, delaying resorption and ossification of cartilage during the development of long bones

Abstract

During development of the skeleton, osteoclast (OC) recruitment and migration are required for the vascular invasion of the cartilaginous anlage and the ossification of long bones. c-Cbl lies downstream of the vitronectin receptor and forms a complex with c-Src and Pyk2 in a signaling pathway that is required for normal osteoclast motility. To determine whether the decreased motility we observed in vitro in c-Cbl −/− OCs translated into decreased cell migration in vivo, we analyzed the long bones of c-Cbl −/− mice during development. Initiation of vascularization and replacement of cartilage by bone were delayed in c-Cbl −/− mice, due to decreased osteoclast invasion of the hypertrophic cartilage through the bone collar. Furthermore, c-Cbl −/− mice show a delay in the formation of secondary centers of ossification, a thicker hypertrophic zone of the growth plate, and a prolonged presence of cartilaginous remnants in the spongiosa, confirming a decrease in resorption of the calcified cartilage. Thus, the decrease in motility of c-Cbl −/− osteoclasts observed in vitro results in a decreased ability of osteoclasts to invade and resorb bone and mineralized cartilage in vivo. These results confirm that c-Cbl plays an important role in osteoclast motility and resorbing activity.