Deletion of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes improved 2,3-butanediol production by reducing glycerol production in pyruvate decarboxylase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) can be produced at high titers by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae by abolishing the ethanol biosynthetic pathway and introducing the bacterial butanediol-producing pathway. However, production of 2,3-BD instead of ethanol by engineered S. cerevisiae has resulted in glycerol production because of surplus NADH accumulation caused by a lower degree of reduction (γ = 5.5) of 2,3-BD than that (γ = 6) of ethanol. In order to eliminate glycerol production and resolve redox imbalance during 2,3-BD production, both GPD1 and GPD2 coding for glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases were disrupted after overexpressing NADH oxidase from Lactococcus lactis. As disruption of the GPD genes caused growth defects due to limited supply of C2 compounds, Candida tropicalis PDC1 was additionally introduced to provide a necessary amount of C2 compounds while minimizing ethanol production. The resulting strain (BD5_T2 nox_dGPD1,2_CtPDC1) produced 99.4 g/L of 2,3-BD with 0.5 g/L glycerol accumulation in a batch culture. The fed-batch fermentation led to production of 108.6 g/L 2,3-BD with a negligible amount of glycerol production, resulting in a high BD yield (0.462 g2,3-BD/gglucose) corresponding to 92.4 % of the theoretical yield. These results demonstrate that glycerol-free production of 2,3-BD by engineered yeast is feasible.