Abstract
Abstract This study was conducted to identify the most deleterious nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the ovalbumin gene family, including OVALX, OVALY, and OVAL genes, which are involved in the synthesis of the most important components in the chickens’ eggs using a comprehensive in silico approach. Ten different computational servers were utilized to prioritize the possible deleterious effects of the retrieved nsSNPs in terms of structure, function, and stability. Results indicated entirely damaging effects of H365P in OVALX, I167T in OVALY, and V209G, L231P, F307C, and S317P in OVAL proteins. Further prediction tools showed that all of these deleterious nsSNPs were positioned in variable locations within several α-helix motifs in all studied ovalbumin proteins. Furthermore, all witnessed nsSNPs were predicted to be resided in the receptors binding sites, signifying remarkable involvement of such nsSNPs in damaging of the altered proteins. In conclusion, the present study provides the first inclusive data with regard to the most deleterious nsSNPs in OVALX, OVALY and OVAL genes in chickens. The present bioinformatics data may be useful for breeders who intend to raise chickens for egg production, in such a way the presence of any of these deleterious nsSNPs in any selected breed may possess several damaging effects on the egg components, which may impair egg production. Therefore, it can be stated that breeders have to confirm the absence of any of these deleterious nsSNPs before being proceeded further for large-scale egg-production purposes.
Highlights
The ovalbumin gene family in Gallus gallus is composed of three homologous genes located on chromosome 2, namely ovalbumin (OVAL), ovalbumin-related protein X (OVALX), and ovalbumin-related protein Y (OVALY)
Though several data have increasingly been provided with regard to OVAL, OVALX, and OVALY DNA sequences and its translation (Ren et al 2017; DaSilva et al 2019), no comprehensive study has been conducted to analyze the consequences of their nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) on ovalbumin family
Noticeable positioning of all these risky nsSNPs in binding sites with their corresponding receptors was notified. These findings indicated that the observed amino acid substitutions were involved in the binding network of the OVALX, OVALY, and OVAL protein, which may provide a clear modification in the affinity of interaction with corresponding receptors
Summary
The ovalbumin gene family in Gallus gallus is composed of three homologous genes located on chromosome 2, namely ovalbumin (OVAL), ovalbumin-related protein X (OVALX), and ovalbumin-related protein Y (OVALY). OVAL, OVALX, and OVALY proteins belong to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family whose members share the same overall tertiary structure of eight to nine α-helices and three beta-sheets. All these three genes are mainly expressed in the oviduct (Sugimoto et al 2001), and by tubular gland cells of the chicken’s magnum (Rehault-Godbert et al 2013). Nova Biotechnol Chim (2019) 18(2): 115-123 with specific function on each one In addition to their major localization in the egg white (Hashim et al 2019), OVAL, OVALX, and OVALY proteins have been detected in all other egg compartments, including eggshell, egg yolk, and vitelline membrane (Mann et al 2008)
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