Delayed tension pneumocephalus following decompressive craniectomy

Abstract

Pneumocephalus is defined as a collection of air in the cranial cavity and is a common finding following intracranial neurosurgical procedures or following skull base fractures. The term tension pneumocephalus describes the accumulation of air under pressure such that it exerts mass effect and leads to a neurological deterioration. Whilst this is a rare event it can be life threatening and requires prompt intervention. We describe a case that occurred in a delayed fashion following a decompressive craniectomy for a severe traumatic brain injury. It was initially treated by urgent aspiration at a peripheral hospital under neurosurgical guidance.