Delayed Feedback Dynamics of Liénard-Type Resonant Tunneling-Photo-Detector Optoelectronic Oscillators

Abstract

We use the nonlinear dynamics approach for studying delayed feedback optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) formed by hybrid integration of resonant tunneling diode (RTD) photo-detectors with laser diodes, in both single and dual optical fiber feedback routes. In the single loop topology, the performance of the RTD-OEO free-running self-sustained oscillator is improved in terms of phase noise, with a compromise between the delay line and the strength of the optical re-injection. In the dual-loop configuration, superior performance is achieved due to the suppression of the side modes associated with the optical cavity length, resulting in a side mode suppression ratio of up to <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}{\rm 60}~{\rm dBc}$</tex></formula> of the carrier frequency. We compare experimental results with numerical simulations based on a system of delay differential equations comprising a Liénard oscillator model driven by white Gaussian noise and coupled with laser rate equations. The delayed feedback Liénard oscillator model gives considerable insight into the RTD-OEO dynamical regimes predicting its main features in both single- and dual-loop configurations.