Abstract
P-TYPE delayed fluorescence has been observed from a wide range of aromatic hydrocarbons in fluid solutions1. Birks, Moore and Munro2 have attributed P-type delayed fluorescence to a triplet–triplet annihilation process which yields a higher excited state of the excimer (D**) which then converts rapidly into excimers and monomers in the ratio α : 1. These workers observed the normal and delayed fluorescence spectra of cyclohexane solutions of pyrene, 1: 2-benzanthracene, and 5-methyl-l: 2-benzanthracene. The spectra were then analysed using normal fluorescence rate parameters determined from lifetime measurements and values of α = 2 for pyrene and α ∼ 0.9 for 1: 2-benzanthracene and 5-methyl-l : 2-benzanthracene were obtained2. For the delayed fluorescence from a dilute solution the ratios of the quantum yields of excimer (ID) and monomer (IM) fluorescence are given by2 where kfM, kiM, kfD, kiD and kMD are the rate parameters of monomer fluorescence, monomer internal quenching, excimer fluorescence, excimer internal quenching and excimer dissociation respectively.
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