Delayed eczematous skin reaction as an adverse drug reaction to immunoglobulin infusions: A case series

Abstract

BackgroundPompholyx and eczematous reactions are known adverse reactions to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) infusion, but little is known about their clinical characteristics, associated outcomes and management. ObjectiveTo describe IVIg-induced eczematous skin reactions. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on cases of delayed skin reactions post-IVIg infusion notified to the French Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre from 1985 to 2020. ResultsA total of 27 patients were identified, of whom 85% were male. IVIg infusions were given in a neurological indication in 82% of cases. Eczematous skin reactions occurred in two-thirds of cases after the first infusion, with a median time to onset of 11 days. Palmoplantar pompholyx was the most common presentation, being seen in 63% of patients. Other eruptions were erythemato-squamous or maculopapular. Eight patients were classified as severely affected and developed extensive lesions (>50% BSA). One third of the 27 patients required hospitalization. All of the severe eczematous reactions involved males receiving high doses of IVIg for neurological diseases. Biopsies of severe cases revealed a common non-specific eczematous pattern. Relapses were frequent and more severe than the initial reaction. Reintroduction of the same IVIg product consistently resulted in relapse, whereas switching IVIg type produced relapse in only 53% of patients. ConclusionWe present the largest retrospective study of delayed skin reactions after IVIg infusions. This side-effect may be severe and have a polymorphic presentation. Relapse occurs frequently but less consistently after IVIg switch.