Abstract
In this paper, the stability of load frequency control (LFC) for delayed power systems with an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator is studied based on Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Through mechanism analysis, the LFC of power systems with an EV aggregator based on a proportional–integral–differential (PID) controller is modeled. By constructing a delay interval information correlation functional and estimating its derivative using Wirtinger inequality and extended reciprocally convex matrix inequality, a new stability analysis criterion is proposed. Finally, in order to verify its advantage, the proposed method is used to discuss the influence of EV aggregator gains and PID controller gains on the delay margins for LFC of power systems with EV aggregator participation in frequency regulation.
Highlights
Under the guidance of sustainable development concept, the generation of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind power, hydropower, and photovoltaic power has developed rapidly in recent years, and part of traditional thermal power generation will be gradually replaced (Zhou et al, 2018)
According to the proposed stability criterion, the delay margins of load frequency control (LFC) for power systems with an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator are obtained, and case studies are performed to show the advantage of the proposed method
The block diagram of the LFC for power systems with an EV aggregator is given in Figure 1, and the controller is the PID controller. e−sτ and e−sd denote the time delay of the frequency regulation circuit involved in the EV aggregator and the secondary frequency regulation circuit, respectively; KEV is the gain of the EV aggregator; Δf, ΔPEV, ΔPWTG, ΔPm, ΔPv, and ΔPd are the deviation of frequency, EV aggregator power output, wind turbine generator (WTG) power output, mechanical output of the generator, valve position, and load disturbance, respectively
Summary
Under the guidance of sustainable development concept, the generation of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind power, hydropower, and photovoltaic power has developed rapidly in recent years, and part of traditional thermal power generation will be gradually replaced (Zhou et al, 2018). For power systems with EVs and intermittent wind power connected, the EV aggregator needs to transmit the control command to the EVs through open communication networks (Ko and Sung, 2019; Li et al, 2019). The use of such networks will inevitably bring unreliable factors, such as time delay, packet loss, and potential failure, which may lead to instability of LFC for power systems The stability of LFC for power systems with EV aggregator participation in frequency regulation is considered, and the influence of EV aggregator and controller gains on the delay margins is studied. According to the proposed stability criterion, the delay margins of LFC for power systems with an EV aggregator are obtained, and case studies are performed to show the advantage of the proposed method
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