Abstract
In order to solve the problem of spectrum scarcity in wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio technology can be introduced into wireless sensor networks, giving rising to cognitive radio sensor networks. Delay-sensitive data applications in cognitive radio sensor networks require efficient real-time communication. Opportunistic pipeline routing is a potential technology to reduce the delay, which can use nodes outside the main forwarding path forward data opportunistically when the transmission fails. However, the energy efficiency of cognitive radio sensor networks with opportunistic pipeline routing is low, and the data transmission delay can be further optimized. In view of this situation, we propose the delay optimal opportunistic pipeline routing scheme named Variable Duty Cycle for Opportunistic Pipeline Routing (VDCOPR). In the Variable Duty Cycle for Opportunistic Pipeline Routing scheme, the nodes employ high duty cycle in the area far from the sink, and low duty cycle in the area near to the sink, which can achieve the balance of energy consumption and reduce the data transmission delay while not affecting network lifetime. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, compared with previous opportunistic pipeline routing, energy consumption of network is relatively balanced and the data transmission delay can be reduced by 36.6% in the Variable Duty Cycle for Opportunistic Pipeline Routing scheme.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)[1,2,3,4,5] can obtain objective physical information and have a wide range of applications, such as urban management,[6] environmental monitoring, industrial control,[7] and e-Healthcare.[8]
In order to make full use of the energy of the sensor nodes and reduce the data transmission delay in Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs), we propose a Variable Duty Cycle for Opportunistic Pipeline Routing (VDCOPR) scheme, which can minimize delay and improve energy efficiency of network
We mainly study how to minimize the end-to-end transmission delay and improve the energy efficiency of the CRSNs, and propose a VDCOPR scheme
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)[1,2,3,4,5] can obtain objective physical information and have a wide range of applications, such as urban management,[6] environmental monitoring, industrial control,[7] and e-Healthcare.[8]. The spectrum distribution is wide, the radio frequency (RF) front-end of the nodes may need to be reconfigured, which results in switching delay All these have aggravated the delay of the sensor networks. The current common method to save energy is the low duty cycle mode with periodic listening/sleeping In this mode, the node is in dormant state in most of the time to reduce the energy consumption of nodes. When the duty cycle is large, the data transmission delay is small, but the energy consumption of the node is high, which affects the network lifetime. In order to make full use of the energy of the sensor nodes and reduce the data transmission delay in CRSNs, we propose a Variable Duty Cycle for Opportunistic Pipeline Routing (VDCOPR) scheme, which can minimize delay and improve energy efficiency of network.
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