Delay in the formation of urination function in children

Abstract

The control of urine retention and urination function in children is finally established by the age of 4–5 — it is at this age that the type of urination becomes adult. The stages of the formation of urination function are based on many factors — a decrease in the physiological hypersensitivity of the M-cholinergic receptors of the bladder to acetylcholine, an increase in inhibitory supraspinal effects on the parasympathetic reflex arc, which provides a level of intravesical pressure, on the process of myelination of the brain pathways, on the maturation of the higher cortical center of urination and strengthening of connections with subcortical structures. A tabular assessment of the manifestations of delay and impaired bladder function in children allows us to determine the level of maturity of the system responsible for the urination function. The development of control over the urination is greatly hindered by wearing diapers, failure to provide potty training, and improper water intake schedule in children. The authors of the article identified three age groups of children with enuresis and delayed formation of bladder function and determined at what age which disorders are most relevant. Assessment of the maturity of urination in children with enuresis allows us to analyze the stages of delayed bladder function. In the younger age group (6–7 years), the delay in the formation of self-service skills in the implementation of the act of urination prevailed, including the use of a gender-unreasonable posture. At the age of 8–11 years, there was a predominance of delayed formation of emptying reflexes. At the age of 12–14, there were signs of hypoactivity of the bladder.