Abstract
Deixis are the linguistic expressions which are used for the reference within the context and out of the context to share knowledge. These are functional keys for contextual coherence and for strong involvement of interlocutors. In this dissertation, role of deixis are interpreted with reference of three different categories of novels; Pakistani novels, other translated, and self-translated novels. The aim of this research is to extract the style difference due to the use of deixis as a style indicator in other and self-translated novels in comparison with non-translated novels. Further, we will try to find out how the use of different types of deixis effects on the context of the text. Generally it has witnessed that the other and self-translators are different in their styles. The reason behind such difference is that the self-translator has more freedom while translating their own novels for other audience. For analysis, in total nine novels are selected, three novels of one category and in total three categories are involved. This research adopted the quantitative approach and for analysis corpus software tool, AntConc is used. Whole data is tagged by POS tagger and manually as well, than interpreted through AntConc. The results of this research indicate that the Self translated novels used more deixis and have more simple and direct language then the others translated categories. In these novels the first person and second person communication is more oriented. Similarly other deixis expressions as time, past tense and special deixis are more referred which make language explicit.
Highlights
Deixis are the discourse devise to operate the communication in actual contextual meanings
Role of deixis are interpreted with reference of three different categories of novels; Pakistani novels, other translated, and self-translated novels
The cultural norms and the way of talking in normal life as formal, less formal and informal effect on the use of personal deixis, that show how we address to the other in multiple contexts
Summary
Deixis are the discourse devise to operate the communication in actual contextual meanings. The person who is standing out of context could not understand complete meanings as compare to the person who is the part of the background of the context or know about context (Goodwin &Duranti, 1992). Goffman (1974) said that the person who is familiar with context could analyze and interpret in actual pragmatics and intentions. The deictic are share co-cultural expressions, the already discussed topic, the background knowledge, social norms and what speaker intended to said their illocutionary act in communication. All background shared knowledge and unsaid utterances are explicit by deictic expressions. Deixis comprises “those features of language which refer directly to the personal, temporal or locational characteristics of a situation within which an utterance takes place” Deixis are the linguistic devices which create the linkage between the present talk and previous context (Hanks, 1992; Lyons, 1977; Hanks, 2011)
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