Abstract
Ruthenium incorporated titanium oxides (RuxTiO2) were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method using Ti(SO4)2 and RuCl3 as the precursor of Ti and Ru, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, and BET were applied for the analyses of catalysts. Ruthenium atoms are well dispersed in the anatase phase of TiO2 and the crystallite size of RuxTiO2 (≈17 nm) is smaller than that of pure TiO2 (≈45 nm). In particular, we found that our homemade pure TiO2 exhibits a strong Lewis acid property. Therefore, the cooperation of ruthenium atoms playing a role in the hydride elimination and the Lewis acid site of TiO2 can efficiently transfer primary alcohols into corresponding aldehydes in an oxidant-free condition.
Highlights
The oxidation of alcohols into their carbonyl compounds by a cost effective and environmentally benign means is important in synthetic chemistry
It was reported that TiO2 prepared by a hydrothermal method using Ti(SO4 )2 as a precursor exhibited the anatase phase [24]
The reflection peaks originated from RuO2 are not presented for all the samples obtained from a hydrothermal condition (160 ◦ C)
Summary
The oxidation of alcohols into their carbonyl compounds by a cost effective and environmentally benign means is important in synthetic chemistry. Nanocrystalline TiO2 has been intensively investigated in a wide range research fields due to its practical applications, such as photocatalysts, solar cells, materials for water or air purification, and so on [14,15,16,17]. TiO2 supported ruthenium catalysts were utilized for diverse oxidation reactions including aerobic oxidation [18,19], catalytic wet air oxidation of various chemicals [20,21,22], and electro-oxidation of alcohols [23]. We report the dehydrogenative oxidation of benzylic, allylic, and aliphatic alcohols into their corresponding aldehydes using ruthenium incorporated TiO2 under oxidant-free conditions. The dehydrogenative oxidation pathway is accomplished by the synergistic catalysis of the Lewis acidic TiO2 surface and the highly dispersed ruthenium species acting as the hydride elimination of α-carbon
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