Abstract
SiO2-SO3H, with a surface area of 115 m2/g, pore volumes of 0.38 cm3g−1 and 1.32 mmol H+/g, was used as a 10% w/w catalyst for the preparation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) from fructose. A conversion of 100% was achieved in a microwave reactor during 10 min at 150 °C in DMSO, with 100% selectivity for HMF, at a molar ratio of fructose: DMSO equal to 1:56. The catalyst could be re-used three times.
Highlights
SiO2-SO3H, with a surface area of 115 m2/g, pore volumes of 0.38 cm3g−1 and 1.32 mmol H+/g, was used as a 10% w/w catalyst for the preparation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) from fructose
Glucose is less efficient than fructose for the synthesis of HMF19–21; according to Kuster[22,23] and Zakrzewska et al.[24], this results from the difference in stability of the two cyclical sugar structures, which are composed of six atoms in glucose and five atoms in fructose
As a part of an ongoing research on the use of the S iO2–SO3H catalyst for clean s ynthesis[37], we report the preparation of HMF from fructose with DMSO as the solvent and the hydrophilic S iO2–SO3H catalyst using microwave irradiation in processes under ambient atmosphere; MW irradiation has been widely used in the production of HMF17, and recently, in its oxidation to value added acid derivatives using solid catalysts containing Ru38 or Ag39
Summary
SiO2-SO3H, with a surface area of 115 m2/g, pore volumes of 0.38 cm3g−1 and 1.32 mmol H+/g, was used as a 10% w/w catalyst for the preparation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) from fructose. Conventional heating of the reaction mixture required longer reaction times and furnished lower yields than microwave heating, except for Entry 7, where no solvent was added to the mixture of catalyst and HMF; Table 1 resumes the principal results of the present work.
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