Abstract
Biodiesel, known as fatty acid methyl ester, has become more attractive as an alternative fuel for diesel engine because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fats by reacting them with short chain alcohols. Biodiesel has become increasingly important due to the following advantages: it is renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. Crude sunflower oil may be a cheap source for biodiesel production. However, it contains high amount of phosphorus, which can inhibit the action of the catalyst during transesterification. Phosphorus removal from vegetable oils applied for diesel fuel is an essential process, since the presence of phosphors in direct use to the diesel engine might cause plugging in the engine filters, lines and injectors. In the biodiesel production, the use of crude vegetable oils without degumming might decrease conversion rate and hard to separate glycerol from biodiesel, during and after trans-esterification reaction respectively.Degumming role of crude sunflower oil on physicochemical properties of biodiesel was studied with determination of following parameters: phosphorus content, acidity value, peroxide value, viscosity, density, iodine value and saponification value. Degumming of sunflower oil is realysed by water degumming and by electrolyte degumming followed by a fast decrease of residual phosphorus content. The compared results showed that degumming process of sunflower oil has a role on biodiesel quality.
Highlights
Oil and fats contain complex organo-phosphorus compound referred to as phospholipids
Class III B is relatively rare, and contains phospholipids which are soluble in water forming micelles above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), but no crystalline structure
The aim of this article is to show the role of degumming process of sunflower oil on biodiesel quality
Summary
Oil and fats contain complex organo-phosphorus compound referred to as phospholipids (phosphatides). The solubility of phospholipids in water depends on the headgroup type and the hydrocarbon chain length. Four classes of phospholipids (PLs) can be distinguished as a function of PLs solubility [2]. Class II consists of phospholipids with very low solubility in water, which swell in water. Class III A includes phospholipids, such as lysolecithins, which are soluble in water forming lyotropic liquid crystals at low water content. Class III B is relatively rare, and contains phospholipids which are soluble in water forming micelles above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), but no crystalline structure. Examples of this class are saponins [2]
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