Abstract
Protease secreting microbe was isolated and charact erized on the basis of their morphological, biochem ical, physiological and 16S rDNA based molecular properties. The extracellular protease was quantified and characterized. Protease was used for different time (4, 8, 12 and 24 h) at different temperature (RT a nd 37°C) for optimization of the degumming process for raw silk fabric with enzyme dosage (0.2-1 unit/cm 2 of fabric). Post-enzymatic treatment, the fabric quali ty and texture was compared with conventionally tre ated as well as untreated fabric in terms of degumming l oss, tensile strength and yarn count and colour fas tness to light/water. The isolate SM1 ( Bacillus thuringensis ) was able to grow in Carbon Minimal Salt Medium (CMSM) with jaggery or tamarind as the carbon source (0.3% w/v). Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescense (EDXRF) data showed intracellular accumulation of heavy metal by the isolate. Extracellular protease w as able to degum silk fabric within 4 h at RT with enz yme concentration of 0.8unit/cm 2 and the maximum degumming loss was 21.72%. Post enzymatic degumming, a shiny texture was observed under Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) and the yarn volume also increased. Utilization of CMSM made the process cost effective during large scale application. Intracellular metal accumulation and growth in a wide range of temperature and pH made the isolate a potential candidate for bioremediation . Extracellular protease with significant degumming p roperty could be used as an eco friendly approach a s compared to the conventional chemical treatment.
Highlights
Larva of some insects and arachnids produce silk to fabricate structures such as cocoon, webs, nets and egg stalk
Protease was used for different time (4, 8, 12 and 24 h) at different temperature (RT and 37°C) for optimization of the degumming process for raw silk fabric with enzyme dosage (0.2-1 unit/cm2 of fabric)
The isolate SM1 (Bacillus thuringensis) was able to grow in Carbon Minimal Salt Medium (CMSM) with jaggery or tamarind as the carbon source (0.3% w/v)
Summary
Larva of some insects and arachnids produce silk to fabricate structures such as cocoon, webs, nets and egg stalk. Some of the properties like, fitness, strength, elasticity, dye ability, softness, flexibility, smooth feeling, lusture, elegance and grace make silk fiber valuable in textile industry (Trotman, 1970). In conventional process silk fiber is boiled in an aqueous solution containing soap, alkali, synthetic detergent and organic acids (Bianchi and Colonna, 1992; Freddi et al, 1996). During conventional silk degumming process associated hydrolytic degradation of fiber leads to change in physical properties such as dull appearance, surface fibrillation and tensile strength (Freddi et al, 2003). In comparison with conventional process there are certain drawbacks which are found in enzymatically degummed silk fiber quality: higher shear and bending rigidity, lower fullness and softness to handle, remnant of the sericin at cross over points between wrap and weft (Chopra et al, 1996). Enzymatic degumming process would save the resources in terms of water, energy, chemicals and reduce the cost of effluent treatment
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