Abstract
The Earth's geoid is a constraint for models of the composition of the Earth's interior. The long-wavelength non-hydrostatic portion of the geoid is assumed to be due to density contrasts associated with the convective forces which drive plate tectonics. The longest-wavelength component, degree one, can be set to an arbitrary value by appropriate choice of coordinate systems, with negligible effect on other components. The degree-one component is usually set to zero. Internal models are unconstrained at degree one and results at degree one are not often analyzed. Theoretical considerations predict an internal degree-one component with an effect at the surface even greater than those of the other nonhydrostatic components of the Earth's geoid. Mantle convection theories, relative sea-level curves, mantle viscosity measurements, and geodynamo models may be affected.
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