Abstract
Polarized reflectance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> ) and degree of linear polarization (DOLP) provide essential information about polarized characteristics of land surfaces. For a given target, DOLP determines the magnitude of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> . It has been proved that DOLP can be used for some remote monitoring cases that cannot be well detected with either non-polarized or polarized reflectance. Several bidirectional polarization distribution function (BPDF) models have been proposed in the last several decades to reproduce the angular distribution of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> , but much less attention has been devoted to modeling and analyzing of DOLP. In this study, the Nadal-Bréon BPDF model was transferred for calculating the DOLP of earth targets, and characteristics of DOLP were analyzed based on the modeling results. To evaluate the model's feasibility, two experiments were executed: a fitting and a a priori modeling. The results showed good correlations (r>0.9) between estimated and measured DOLP when the model was fitted with POLDER/PARASOL (a space-borne multi-angle multi-spectral polarimetric sensor) measurements. An increase of accuracy from 490 nm to 865 nm for fitting modeling was achieved and the highest accuracy was found at 865 nm for both experiments, with overall relative root mean square errors of 1.1 and 1.3 for fitting and a priori modeling, respectively. Class-based free parameters can be used for the a priori model of DOLP. The dispersion of the target-based free parameters controls the correlation of the a priori modeling results. Moreover, the maximum DOLP was found to be strongly determined by the corresponding bidirectional reflectance factor for every surface type (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> =0.86). This study provides an additional approach for obtaining DOLP from remote sensing platform and is helpful for studies of typical land surfaces.
Highlights
Polarized radiation of earth surface is caused primarily by specular reflection that occurs on ground targets[1]
Earth surface characteristics, such as roughness[2], water content[3] and biochemical and structural information of vegetation [4,5,6,7] can be retrieved with the help of either surface polarized reflectance (Rp) or degree of linear polarization (DOLP)
The objectives of this paper are : 1) to build a model for estimation of surface DOLP using the Nadal–Bréon bidirectional polarization distribution function (BPDF) model based on POLarization and Directionality of Earth’s Reflectances (POLDER)/PARASOL measurements; 2) to evaluate the accuracy of the DOLP model using different experiments; and 3) to analyze the characteristics and potential applications of DOLP
Summary
Polarized radiation of earth surface is caused primarily by specular reflection that occurs on ground targets[1]. In the last several decades, study of angular distribution of Rp has been a hot topic, and several bidirectional polarization distribution function (BPDF) models have been proposed. These models can be broadly categorized as three types: physical [11, 12], semi-empirical[13,14,15,16,17,18,19] and neural-networkbased [20].
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