Abstract
New self-adhesive resin composite luting agents have currently been developed, claiming improved properties. The study aimed to evaluate the composition, degree of conversion, and mechanical properties of Panavia SA Plus (PSP), Panavia SA Universal (PSU), SpeedCem Plus (SPC) and TheraCem Ca (THC), with the resin luting agent Panavia V5 (PV5) serving as a control. The structure of the materials was studied by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM/EDX spectrometry. Disk-shaped specimens were prepared from each material under dual- and self-curing modes (n = 5/mode and material). After a 3-week storage period (dark/37 °C/80%RH) the Martens hardness, indentation modulus, elastic index, and creep were determined by instrumented indentation testing (IIT), while the degree of conversion was assessed by FTIR spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-way ANOVA and post-hoc testing (α = 0.05). All materials were based on aromatic monomers, except for SPC. Fillers with potentially bioactive Ca-glasses were identified in SPC and THC, which showed the highest P/Si ratio. The dual-curing mode demonstrated superior performance in all properties. Differences between materials within each curing mode were limited to SPC, THC (highest conversion) and PSA, PSU, SPC (highest elastic index) for dual-curing, and THC (lowest hardness and elastic index). The results confirmed a lower self-curing conversion in these materials, which may affect some of the mechanical properties tested.
Highlights
Self-adhesive luting agents, the latest development in the field of adhesive luting materials, have become popular in contemporary clinical practice
The curing capacity of the self-adhesive luting agents has been assessed in several studies, leading to the conclusion that it is lower than the conventional resin luting agents [3]
The mechanical properties have been tested by a variety of methods, such as uniaxial [8,9,10,11] and biaxial testing for flexural strength and modulus [5], compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, hardness and sliding wear testing [7,11,12,13,14] and instrumented indentation testing (IIT), the latter determining an array of properties by a single indentation [6,15]
Summary
Self-adhesive luting agents, the latest development in the field of adhesive luting materials, have become popular in contemporary clinical practice. The mechanical properties have been tested by a variety of methods, such as uniaxial [8,9,10,11] and biaxial testing for flexural strength and modulus [5], compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, hardness and sliding wear testing [7,11,12,13,14] and instrumented indentation testing (IIT), the latter determining an array of properties (i.e., hardness, modulus, elastic work, recovery, creep, etc.) by a single indentation [6,15] In most of these studies, the self-adhesive luting agents were found to be slightly or significantly inferior to composite resin luting agents when tested under the same curing modes. The improved conversion documented in dual-cured materials had a positive impact on the mechanical properties of the same materials over the self-curing mode
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