Abstract
Phosphate-based glasses have been examined in many studies as a potential biomaterial for bone repair because of its degradation properties, which can be controlled and allow the release of various elements to promote osteogenic tissue growth. However most of these experiments studied either tertiary or quaternary glass systems. This study investigated a qinternary system that included titanium dioxide for degradation rate control and zinc that is considered to have a role in bone formation. Zinc and titanium phosphate glass discs of different compositions were melt synthesized and samples of each composition was tested for different physical, chemical and biological characteristics via density measurement, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, mass loss, ion release, scanning electron microscopy, biocompatibility studies via live/dead assays at three time points (day 1, 4, and 7). The results showed that the glass was amorphous and that the all thermal variables decreased as zinc oxide amount raised, mass loss as well as ion release increased as zinc oxide increased, and the maximum rise was with ZnO15. The cellular studies showed that all the formulation showed similar cytocompatibility properties with MG63 except ZnO15, which displayed cytotoxic properties and this was confirmed also by the scanning electron microscope images. In conclusion, replacing calcium oxide with zinc oxide in proportion less than 10 % can have a positive effect on bone forming cells.
Highlights
Since the first synthesis of Bioglass® by L.L.Hench in 1971, various glass compositions have been developed to be examined for their suitability as biomaterials for clinical application [1]
In contrast to the density measurements, all the thermal parameters showed a decrease with increasing zinc oxide content (Fig. 2)
For the glass transition temperature Tg which is considered an indicator for bulk glass properties, it ranged from about 471 °C for the ZnO 0 % to 407 °C for the Zn 15 %, likewise the crystallization temperature was at 764 °C for ZnO 0 % and decreased with increasing ZnO glass to 720 °C for 15 mol % ZnO
Summary
Since the first synthesis of Bioglass® by L.L.Hench in 1971, various glass compositions have been developed to be examined for their suitability as biomaterials for clinical application [1]. The concept behind bioactive glass was their chemical reactivity and ability to form hydroxyl crystalline apatite on the surface of the implanted material [2]. The initial studies were concerned mainly with simple ternary compositions composed of phosphate, calcium oxide, and sodium oxide and that the calcium played a major role in controlling degradation, as it leads to the formation of non- bridging oxygen (P–O–Ca– O–P) bonds that lead to structural and thermal stability of the developed glass, concluding that the increase in calcium
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