Abstract

Postcardiac arrest syndrome yields poor neurological outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying this condition remain poorly understood. Autophagy plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis induced by ischemia. However, whether autophagy is involved in neuron apoptosis induced by cardiac arrest has been less studied. This study found that TRPML1 participates in cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. Primary neurons were isolated and treated with mucolipin synthetic agonist 1 (ML-SA1), as well as infected with the recombinant lentivirus TRPML1 overexpression vector in vitro. ML-SA1 was delivered intracerebroventricularly in transient global ischemia model. Protein expression levels were determined by western blot. Neurological deficit score and the infarct volume were analyzed for the detection of neuronal damage. We found that TRPML1 was significantly downregulated in vivo and in vitro ischemic reperfusion model. We also observed that TRPML1 overexpression or treatment with the ML-SA1 attenuated neuronal death in primary neurons and ameliorated neurological dysfunction in vivo. Our findings suggested that autophagy and apoptosis were activated after transient global ischemia. Administration of ML-SA1 before transient global ischemia ameliorated neurological dysfunction possibly through the promotion of autophagy and the inhibition of apoptosis.

Highlights

  • Neurological deficits after resuscitation contribute to high rates of mortality among patients after cardiac arrest [1,2,3]

  • To investigate the role of Transient receptor potential mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) in neuronal survival of ischemia reperfusion, the primary cultured hippocampal neurons were initially deprived of oxygen and glucose to mimic in vivo ischemia

  • Consistent with the results from primary cultured hippocampal neurons, we found the neuronal TRPML1 protein was downregulated in the mouse hippocampus after tBCCAo (Figures 1(g)–1(h)), while the protein expression of TRPML1 in astrocytes was not changed (Figures 1(i)–1(j))

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Summary

Introduction

Neurological deficits after resuscitation contribute to high rates of mortality among patients after cardiac arrest [1,2,3]. Transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) is a clinical outcome related to cardiac arrest and other situations that deprive the oxygen and glucose in the brain during a short period. Autophagy plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis induced by ischemia. Autophagy protected the neurons from apoptosis both in the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model and the mouse cerebral ischemia model, via inhibiting neuronal apoptosis [11, 12]. Pharmacological induction of autophagy contributed to the neuron survival by suppressing apoptosis in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stoke model [13]. Whether autophagy is involved in neuron apoptosis induced by cardiac arrest has been less studied

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