Abstract
<p>Pyrene degradation and biosurfactant activity by a new strain identified as <em>Gordonia cholesterolivorans </em>AMP 10 were studied. The strain grew well and produced effective biosurfactants in the presence of glucose, sucrose, and crude oil. The biosurfactants production was detected by the decreased surface tension of the medium and emulsification activity. Analysis of microbial growth parameters showed that AMP10 grew best at 50 µg mL<sup>-1</sup> pyrene concentration, leading to 96 % degradation of pyrene within 7 days. The result of nested PCR analysis revealed that this isolate possessed the <em>nah</em>Ac gene which encodes dioxygenase enzyme for initial degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH). Observation of both tensio-active and emulsifying activities indicated that biosurfactants which produced by AMP 10 when grown on glucose could lower the surface tension of medium from 71.3 mN/m to 24.7 mN/m and formed a stable emulsion in used lubricant oil with an emulsifying index (E24) of 74%. According to the results, it is suggested that the bacterial isolates <em>G. cholesterolivorans</em> AMP10 are suitable candidates for bioremediation of PAH-contaminated environments.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Kurniati, T. H., Rusmana, I. Suryani, A. &amp; Mubarik, N. R. (2016). Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pyrene by Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria <em>Gordonia cholesterolivorans</em> AMP 10. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 336-343. </p>
Highlights
One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbon contamination which could be derived from natural and anthropogenic process
The ability of isolates to grow in solid medium was tested by spreading 100 μL of 24 h bacterial culture in Nutrient Broth to mineral salt medium (MSM) agar supplemented with pyrene and incubated at 30oC
A four of the nine bacterial isolates which were obtained from oil contaminated soil in Jakarta bay have the ability to grow in MSM agar plate supplemented with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pyrene as a sole carbon source (Table 2)
Summary
One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbon contamination which could be derived from natural and anthropogenic process. The natural process could contribute to hydrocarbon release into the environment, human activities as it in petroleum and petroleum products industry is a primary cause of pollution of water and soil. Pyrene which has four benzene rings is included in a list of PAHs priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). It has a low biodegradability and high persistence in the environment. Many indigenous microorganisms in water and soil are capable of degrading hydrocarbon contaminants including pyrene. This compound could enhance the bioavailability of PAHs and accelerate the bioremediation process. The objective of this study was to determine of the growth and degradation potential of those bacterial isolates on pyrene
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