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Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of minocycline was studied by using polyvinylidene fluoride–polyvinylpyrrolidone–TiO2 (PVDF–PVP–TiO2) fiber mats prepared by an electrospinning technology. The influences of the TiO2 dosage, minocycline concentrations, inorganic anions, pH values, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations on the degradation kinetics were investigated. A mass of 97% minocycline was degraded in 45 min at 5% TiO2 dosage. The corresponding decomposition rate constant was 0.069 min−1. The inorganic anions affected the minocycline decomposition in the order of HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−, which was confirmed by the results of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The lowest electrical energy per order (EEO) was 6.5 Wh/L. Over five cycles, there was no change in the photocatalytic performance of the degrading minocycline. Those investigations suggested that effective degradation of minocycline could be reached in the PVDF–PVP–TiO2 fiber mats with a low energy consumption, good separation and, good recovery. Three photocatalytic decomposition pathways of minocycline were proposed: (i) hydroxyl substitution of the acylamino group; (ii) hydroxyl substitution of the amide group, and (iii) a cleavage of the methyl groups and further oxidation of the amino group by OH. Potential risks caused by TP159 and TP99 should not be ignored, while the TP90 are nontoxic. Tests indicated that the toxicity of the photocatalytic process may be persistent if minocycline and its products were not mineralized completely.
Highlights
The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is a highly promising pathway toward a clean and low-energy consumption method of water treatment in the future [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].The key issue for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from water is the development of an efficient and stable photocatalyst without using sacrificial agents
The morphology of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–PVP and PVDF–PVP–TiO2 fiber mats was remarkably affected by the TiO2 dosage (Figure 1)
The photocatalytic degradation of minocycline was investigated via PVDF–PVP–TiO2 fiber mats under a UV–LED system
Summary
The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is a highly promising pathway toward a clean and low-energy consumption method of water treatment in the future [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. In order to maximize the light adsorption and mass transfer rate, a suspended slurry of TiO2 nanoparticles is commonly used in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from water. PVP–TiO2 membrane has an adsorption and photocatalytic activity that can solve the problem of catalyst recovery well and effectively removes organic pollutants from water. The energy consumption of photocatalytically degrading minocycline was estimated This investigation may be helpful for constructing multifunctional composite electrospinning fiber films and recognizing the importance of recycling nanoparticle photocatalysts
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