Degradation of methylene blue in aqueous dispersion of hollow titania photocatalyst: Study of reaction enhancement by various electron scavengers

Abstract

Submicrometer-sized titania hollow spheres have been synthesized by employing sulfonated polystyrene latex particles (averaged diameter: 200 nm) as a template in conjunction with the sol–gel method. Utilization of 0.20 mol/L titanium tetrabutoxide and 25 g/L latex led to the formation of anatase particles having shell thickness of about 15 nm and void diameter of about 150 nm. Photocatalytic activity of the titania hollow spheres was examined by focusing on its enhancement by electron scavengers in the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue (MB). The electron scavengers employed were inorganic oxidants such as ClO − 3, BrO − 3, IO − 4, H 2O 2, and S 2O 2− 8. Differences in electronegativity, atomic radius of the halogens, and the number of highly reactive radical and nonradical intermediates were proven to be important criteria for an electron scavenger to yield high efficiency in the MB photodecomposition. Based on the results, the effect of the oxidants used were found to be in the order of S 2 O 8 2 − > IO 4 − > BrO 3 − > H 2 O 2 > ClO 3 − .