Degradation of coral reef ecosystems: Mathematical-dynamical modeling approach

Abstract

Abstract The review delves into the frontier of degradation of coral reef ecosystems, a pressing urgent issue to be addressed in marine ecological environments, and provides a critical assessment of current advances and future perspective on the topic. This study highlights the recent developments in coral bleaching, coral-algal phase shifts, coral disease, and natural enemy bloom, all of which are thoroughly documented and expounded. Special attention focus on the studies employing mathematical-dynamical modeling approaches. This review study also offers some valuable insights, illuminating ideas, and clear perspective into some current, emerging, and promising research directions for future studies, particularly those based on mathematical-biological modeling approaches. These approaches are anticipated to offer a theoretical foundation and provide crucial decision-making reference for the protection, restoration, and management of coral reef ecosystems.