Degradation of Binocular Coordination during Sleep Deprivation.

Jianliang Tong,Lisa A Spielman,Jun Maruta,Jamshid Ghajar,Alexis L Maule,Umesh Rajashekar,Kristin J Heaton

doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00090

Abstract

To aid a clear and unified visual perception while tracking a moving target, both eyes must be coordinated, so the image of the target falls on approximately corresponding areas of the fovea of each eye. The movements of the two eyes are decoupled during sleep, suggesting a role of arousal in regulating binocular coordination. While the absence of visual input during sleep may also contribute to binocular decoupling, sleepiness is a state of reduced arousal that still allows for visual input, providing a context within which the role of arousal in binocular coordination can be studied. We examined the effects of sleep deprivation on binocular coordination using a test paradigm that we previously showed to be sensitive to sleep deprivation. We quantified binocular coordination with the SD of the distance between left and right gaze positions on the screen. We also quantified the stability of conjugate gaze on the target, i.e., gaze–target synchronization, with the SD of the distance between the binocular average gaze and the target. Sleep deprivation degraded the stability of both binocular coordination and gaze–target synchronization, but between these two forms of gaze control the horizontal and vertical components were affected differently, suggesting that disconjugate and conjugate eye movements are under different regulation of attentional arousal. The prominent association found between sleep deprivation and degradation of binocular coordination in the horizontal direction may be used for a fit-for-duty assessment.

Highlights

To aid a clear and unified visual perception while tracking a moving target, both eyes must be coordinated, so the image of the target falls on approximately corresponding areas of the fovea of each eye
One night of sleep deprivation resulted in degraded stability of binocular coordination as measured by a visual tracking task
These findings support our propositions that a degradation of binocular coordination during sleep deprivation may occur earlier than previously reported [12, 13] and that it may be detected by analyzing the dynamics of binocular movements

Summary

Introduction

To aid a clear and unified visual perception while tracking a moving target, both eyes must be coordinated, so the image of the target falls on approximately corresponding areas of the fovea of each eye. Degradation of Binocular Coordination during Sleep Deprivation generated during visual exploration of a static image, with scan paths consisting of series of saccades and fixations. While the absence of visual input during sleep may contribute to binocular decoupling, sleepiness is a state of reduced arousal that still allows for visual input. Sleep deprivation has significant effects on arousal [5], but has little effects on early visual processing such as contrast sensitivity and visual acuity [6, 7]. Sleep deprivation provides a context within which the role of arousal in binocular coordination can be studied

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion