Degradation of amoxicillin from water by ultrasound-zero-valent iron activated sodium persulfate

Abstract

• Degradation of amoxicillin by ultrasound-zero valent iron activated persulfate was studied. • The effects of different influencing factors on the degradation rate were discussed. • The degradation mechanism and process are discussed. In this paper, studies were conducted on the degradation of amoxicillin by ultrasound-zero valent iron activated sodium persulfate. The effects of ultrasonic power, sulfate concentration, zero-valent iron dosage, pH value and reaction temperature on the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) were studied. The intermediate products were measured and the degradation pathway was speculated and the optimal degradation conditions were given. It was found that when the ultrasonic intensity acting in the reaction system exceeded the cavitation threshold sound pressure of the cavitation bubbles, with the increase of power, the activation of persulfate and the reaction process of AMX are promoted and accelerated; With the increase of persulfate concentration, the removal effect of AMX is gradually enhanced. When the concentration reaches the optimal value, AMX is completely removed, and the removal time is shortened; Fe 0 can significantly improve the removal efficiency of AMX by persulfate. When the amount of zero-valent iron is added to the optimal value, AMX can be completely removed within a short time; The pH value in the solution has a large effect on the ultrasound-zero-valent iron activated persulfate system. In general, the best removal effect of AMX is achieved under acidic conditions; With the increase of reaction temperature, the removal effect of AMX is further improved. The results indicate that the ultrasonic-zero-valent iron activated persulfate system is of great potential application value in removal of organic pollution and environmental purification.