Degradation of a Micro-Hybrid Dental Composite Reinforced with Polyaramide Fiber under the Influence of Cyclic Loads

Leszek Szalewski,Justyna Batkowska,Eliza Wallner,Tomasz Warda,Janusz Borowicz,Aneta Kamińska,Dorota Wójcik

doi:10.3390/app10207296

Abstract

Dental composites reinforced with glass fibers have a low tensile modulus and relatively low fatigue resistance. The aim of the study was to analyze the fatigue properties of a dental composite reinforced with polyaramide fibers under the influence of a cyclic, vertical load. For this purpose, we designed a thermoformable template, corresponding to the construction of adhesive bridges in the side section of the jaw. Fifty-four composite samples were made for the study. They were divided into three groups—control (K) and two experimental groups (R1 and R2). The experimental samples were subjected to cyclic fatigue using 75 N load. The number of cycles was 4690 and 20,100. The study used a three-point bending test. Statistical analysis showed a change in elasticity in groups related to the number of load cycles. The study showed that the samples from the control group required the greatest force to break in relation to those subjected to the work cycles. The maximum force in control (K) group was 738.1 N, R1—487.8 N, and R2—451.4 N. The determined algorithm showed a change in deflection associated with the increase of force value. The study did not show any relationship between the type of sample fracture and the number of load cycles.

Highlights

Increasing aesthetic requirements of patients has led to the development of composite dental resins
Modifications of composite resins, through various types of fibers improving the mechanical properties of restorations, allow for their use in prosthetic crowns, and in solid partial
Modifications of composite resins, through various types of fibers improving the mechanical properties of restorations, allow for their use in prosthetic crowns, and in solid partial dentures (FPD)—e.g., in adhesive bridges [31]

Summary

Introduction

Increasing aesthetic requirements of patients has led to the development of composite dental resins. Dental composites are made up from the matrix and fillers that are connected with each other by so-called silanes. Modifications of these two components in the last 20 years have increased the use of dental composites. The micro-hybrid composites contain a mixture of at least two types of “glass” or quartz molecules, irregular in shape and similar in diameter (from 0.2 to 3 μm) and from 5 to 15% of small particles (0.04 μm).

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