Abstract
This study investigates the degradation pathway of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in spiked soil using carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized Pd/Fe0 bimetallic nanoparticles (CMC-Pd/nFe0). GC–MS analysis of γ-HCH degradation products showed the formation of pentachlorocyclohexene, tri- and di-chlorobenzene as intermediate products while benzene was formed as the most stable end product. On the basis of identified intermediates and final products, degradation pathway of γ-HCH has been proposed. Batch studies showed complete γ-HCH degradation at a loading of 0.20g/L CMC-Pd/nFe0 within 6h of incubation. The surface area normalized rate constant (kSA) was found to be 7.6×10−2Lmin−1m−2. CMC-Pd/nFe0 displayed ∼7-fold greater efficiency for γ-HCH degradation in comparison to Fe0 nanoparticles (nFe0), synthesized without CMC and Pd. Further studies showed that increase in CMC-Pd/nFe0 loading and reaction temperature facilitates γ-HCH degradation, whereas a declining trend in degradation was noticed with the increase in pH, initial γ-HCH concentration and in the presence of cations. The data on activation energy (33.7kJ/mol) suggests that γ-HCH degradation is a surface mediated reaction. The significance of the study with respect to remediation of γ-HCH contaminated soil using CMC-Pd/nFe0 has been discussed.
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