Abstract
Temporary supports, consisting of a stack of wooden elements and a hydraulic jack, are used in the process of removing deflections in buildings with one to three aboveground floors in mining areas. During uneven raising, the supports are loaded monotonically, unloaded and loaded cyclically. Laboratory tests were designed for the supports. For the investigated range of loads of 0 to 400 kN, under a growing load, a linear relationship exists between a load and the change in the stack length, which signifies that the deformations of wooden elements and displacements related to their mutual interactions increase proportionally. A seemingly higher stack stiffness is seen at the beginning of the unloading process and for cyclical loads, meaning that in this phase of loading, the material deformation of the wooden elements and the jack is responsible for changing the jack length in this load phase, with a negligible presence of mutual displacements of wooden elements. The support, after being unloaded, returns to the initial position and its permanent deformations are not observed. The stiffness of a temporary support decreases as the height of the stack of wooden elements increases.
Highlights
Temporary supports, consisting of a hydraulic jack and a stack of wooden elements, are used in the process of removing buildings deflection in buildings with up to three aboveground floors
Because the displacements applied are cyclical and because it is necessary to underlay the jacks in the phase of uneven raising, three support loading phases can be distinguished: the longitudinal force value is increasing monotonically, the value is decreasing and cyclical variations occur in the longitudinal force value
The stiffness of temporary supports in the longitudinal direction can be calculated as the stiffness of a system consisting of a serially connected jack and a stack of wooden elements
Summary
Temporary supports, consisting of a hydraulic jack and a stack of wooden elements, are used in the process of removing buildings deflection in buildings with up to three aboveground floors. The part of the building situated under the tearing area is elevated unevenly until a vertical position is reached. A temporary building support consists of a hydraulic jack positioned on a stack of oak elements with the height hwo (Fig. 1b) or consists of a jack only. A stand for testing the stiffness of supports is presented below and experimental studies are described the purpose of which was to determine stiffness in the longitudinal direction of the jack and a stack of wooden elements and a support as a whole
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